They were demonstrated at Rastenburg in front of Hitler. 1,347 were built between August 1942 and August 1944. The Tiger I gave the German Army its first armoured fighting vehicle that mounted the 8.8 cm KwK 36 gun (derived from the 8.8 cm Flak 36). The final version of the tank … [27] Klaue acknowledged in the patent application that he had merely improved on existing technology, that can be traced back to British designs dating to 1904. The A30 Challenger was already at the prototype stage in 1942,[81] but this tank was relatively unprotected, having a front hull thickness of 64 mm, and in the end was fielded in only limited numbers (around 200 were ordered in 1943), though crews liked it for its high speed. A 6-pounder solid shot from a Churchill tank of the British 48th Royal Tank Regiment hit the Tiger's gun barrel and ricocheted into its turret ring, jamming its traverse and wounding the commander. [33] Lack of crew training could amplify this problem; drivers originally given only limited training on other tanks were often sent directly to operational units already on their way to the front. [37], On the Eastern Front, it was first used on 12 August 1944 by the 501st Heavy Panzer Battalion (s.H.Pz.Abt. These battalions would be deployed to critical sectors, either for breakthrough operations or, more typically, counter-attacks. Another weakness was the slow traverse of the hydraulically operated turret. [72] On 12 April 1945, a Tiger I (F02) destroyed two Comet tanks, one halftrack and one scout car. The hull for one prototype was built, followed later by five more. The extreme weight of the tank also required a new steering system. However, at over 50 tonnes dead weight, the suspension, gearboxes, and other such items had clearly reached their design limits and breakdowns were frequent if regular maintenance was not undertaken. [78][79], Tigers were usually employed in separate heavy tank battalions (schwere Panzer-Abteilung) under army command. [22], The command variant of the Tiger II was designated Panzerbefehlswagen Tiger Ausf. Another design contract followed in 1939, and was given to Porsche. The captured tank was officially handed over to the Bovington Tank Museum by the British Ministry of Supply on 25 September 1951. Contains information and a listing of recommended books on the Tiger II. The Germans were shocked to encounter Soviet T-34 medium and KV-1 heavy tanks, and,[17] according to Henschel designer Erwin Aders: "There was great consternation when it was discovered that the Soviet tanks were superior to anything available to the Heer.".[18]. Lab testing found that the armour plates lacked molybdenum (ascribed to a loss of supply, being replaced by vanadium), resulting in low malleability. [74] With the tank's very wide tracks, a design feature borrowed from the Soviet T-34, the Tiger had a lower ground pressure than many smaller tanks, such as the M4 Sherman. It was also very difficult to hit because of its low height. This helped the loader to retrieve the ammunition, which was mostly stowed above the tracks. This equipment was located on the rear decking in a position originally used for deep-wading equipment. [50], The heavy armour and powerful long-range gun gave the Tiger II an advantage against all opposing Western Allied and Soviet tanks attempting to engage it from head on. Fifty early turrets were mounted to Henschel's hull and used in action. From the early days of combat against this tank in WW2 until the present day, the fame of the Tiger spans, in equal amounts, its real development history, combat perfor… [citation needed] Only the first 495 units were fitted with this deep fording system;[35] all later models were capable of fording water only two metres deep. Like all German tanks, the Tiger II had a petrol engine; in this case the same 700 PS (690 hp, 515 kW) V-12 Maybach HL 230 P30 which powered the much lighter Panther and Tiger I tanks. It proved capable of passing completely through its "colleague", a Tiger Ausf B's turret at a range of 400 m. The armour of one vehicle was tested by firing at it with shells between 100 and 152 mm calibre. [30], Notwithstanding its initial reliability problems, the Tiger II was remarkably agile for such a heavy vehicle. [30], A standard battalion (Abteilung) comprised 45 tanks:[30], Units that used the Tiger II were as follows:[31], Early Tiger IIs proved unreliable, owing principally to leaking seals and gaskets, and an overburdened drive train originally intended for a lighter vehicle. [54], As a result of its thick frontal armour, flanking manoeuvres were most often used against the Tiger II to attempt a shot at the thinner side and rear armour, giving a tactical advantage to the Tiger II in most engagements. The tank weighed almost 70 tonnes, and was protected by 100 to 185 mm (3.9 to 7.3 in) of armour to the front. One Porsche version had a gasoline-electric drive (fundamentally identical to a Diesel-electric transmission, only using a gasoline-fueled engine as the prime mover), similar to a gasoline-electric hybrid but without a storage battery; two separate drivetrains in parallel, one per side of the tank, each consisting of a hybrid drive train; gasoline engine–electric generator–electric motor–drive sprocket. This was not recommended for normal operation, and was discouraged in training. [19] Production of the Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. The necessity to change tracks for rail travel was one of those. A lot of people actually ask “how much did a turret of tank XY weight” and the answer is usually not very obvious and not that easy to find. The antitank cannon waited in ambush, well camouflaged, and magnificently set up in the terrain. The 503rd remained in the Hungarian theater of operations for 166 days, during which it accounted for at least 121 Soviet tanks, 244 anti-tank guns and artillery pieces, five aircraft and a train. In 1944 the British introduced an APDS round for the 17-pounder, which increased penetration performance considerably. Peter Broucek "Die österreichische Identität im Widerstand 1938–1945" (2008), p 163. On the Eastern Front, 65% of Tigers were operationally available, compared to the 71% of Panzer IVs and 65% of Panthers. The initial designation was Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausführung H (literally 'Armored Combat Wagon/Vehicle VI version H', abbreviated PzKpfw VI Ausf. List of military vehicles of World War II, List of World War II military vehicles of Germany, https://worldoftanks.ru/ru/news/history/lisuv_battle_1945/, "Was the Tiger really King? 1/4 King Tiger! Yuri Pasholok however posted a Russian document, where these weights are written for [10] After August 1944, production of the Tiger I was phased out in favour of the Tiger II. May 14, 2000. [26], The Tiger II served as the basis for one production variant, the Jagdtiger casemated tank destroyer,[11] and a proposed Grille 17/21/30/42 self-propelled mount for heavy guns which never reached production. If a track overrode and jammed, two Tigers were normally needed to tow the tank. H) where 'H' denoted Henschel as the designer/manufacturer. They were used to train Tiger tank crews. In Italy, a demolition carrier version of the Tiger I without a main gun was built by maintenance crews in an effort to find a way to clear minefields. The AK-7-200 was also explored as an alternative to the Maybach Olvar-B drive train, but Waffenamt research and development department Wa Prüf 6 found that it offered inferior driving characteristics and so the Maybach Olvar-B was retained. [82] Over 2,000 Fireflies were built during the war. 182. The roots of the heavy tank Tiger II date back in 1937 when first concepts were developed for a tank in the range of 30 tos. This roughly translates as "meal position", using 10:30 for breakfast time and 1:30 for lunch. The two rear compartments (each containing a fuel tank, radiator and fans) were floodable. [47] On 12 January 1945, a column of Tiger IIs among other tanks from 524th Heavy Panzer Battalion were involved in a short-range engagement with T-34 85 tanks near the village of Lisow, with the Germans leaving behind 5 Tiger IIs, 7 Tiger Is and 5 Panthers for the loss of 4 T-34 85 tanks burnt out. The German Panzer Museum in Munster had a Tiger I on display. Peter Pirker "Suberversion deutscher Herrschaft. A single Tiger I was apparently purchased, along with a Panther and two Panzer IIIs, but only the Panzer IIIs were actually delivered. 503) during the Battle of Normandy, opposing Operation Atlantic between Troarn and Demouville on 18 July 1944. This is Tiger 131 at Tankfest 2013 at the Bovington tank museum. These numbers must be set against the opportunity cost of the expensive Tiger. The engine limitation was alleviated only by the adoption of the Maybach HL 230. The Grossdeutschland Division had its Tiger company increased to a battalion as the III Panzer Battalion of the Panzer Regiment Grossdeutschland. An inflatable doughnut-shaped ring sealed the turret ring. [c] Both the Durchbruchwagen I and II prototype hulls were used as test vehicles until 1941. A super-heavy tank or super heavy tank is any tank that is notably beyond the standard of the class heavy tank in either size or weight relative to contemporary vehicles. It had a rear-mounted engine and used nine steel-tired, eighty-centimeter-diameter overlapping road wheels per side with internal springing, mounted on transverse torsion bars, in a similar manner to the original Henschel-designed Tiger I. [38] Because these German tanks suffered ammunition explosions, which caused many crew fatalities, main gun rounds were no longer allowed to be stowed within the turret, reducing capacity to 68. Ground pressure was 0.76 kg/cm2 (10.8 psi). This flat construction encouraged angling the Tiger hull roughly 30-45° when firing in order to increase effective thickness. [14] Both prototype series used the same turret design from Krupp; the main differences were in the hull, transmission, suspension and automotive features.[14]. The ZiS-2 had better armour penetration than the 76 mm F-34 tank gun used by most Red Army tanks, or the ZiS-3 76 mm divisional cannon, but was still inadequate against Tigers. Combined with the Turmzielfernrohr 9d (German "turret telescopic sight") monocular sight by Leitz, which all but a few early Tiger IIs used, it was a very accurate and deadly weapon. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFGreenBrown2008 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFBirdLivingston2001 (. The Tiger II is best used as a sniper (mainly due to its powerful gun); but when needed it can provide direct support for advancing units.When used as a sniper, it is best that you find a position with a good overview of the battlefield. It attacked the Soviet bridgehead over the Vistula River near Baranów Sandomierski. The crew bailed out and the tank was captured. The Sd.Kfz. ], Soviet ground trial testing conducted in May 1943 determined that the 8.8 cm KwK 36 gun could pierce the T-34/76 frontal beam nose from 1500 m, and the front hull from 1500 m. A hit to the driver's hatch would force it to collapse inwards and break apart. Its predecessors balanced mobility, armour and firepower, and were sometimes outgunned by their opponents. After the contract was awarded to Henschel, they were used for a new turretless, casemate-style tank destroyer; 91 hulls were converted into the Panzerjäger Tiger (P) in early 1943. The penetrations to the right gun opening were influenced by previous 100 mm projectile penetration hits or armour damage. [7] The ordnance inventory designation was Sd.Kfz. The jammed track was also a big problem itself, since due to high tension, it was often impossible to split the track by removing the track pins. Expecting an order for his tank, Porsche built 100 chassis. This was set against the loss of 25 Tiger IIs; ten were knocked out by Soviet troops and burned out, two were sent back to Vienna for a factory overhaul, while thirteen were blown up by their crews for various reasons, usually to prevent them from falling into enemy hands. Without weapons, optics, or radio. [16] Porsche worked on an updated version of their VK 30.01 (P) Leopard tank prototype while Henschel worked on an improved VK 36.01 (H) tank. Christopher W. Wilbeck. It was classified with ordnance inventory designation Sd.Kfz. Fireflies were successfully used against Tigers; in one engagement, a single Firefly destroyed three Tigers in 12 minutes with five rounds. These self-propelled guns both mounted the large, 152 mm howitzer-gun. Henschel & Sohn began the development of a large tank design in January 1937 when the Waffenamt requested Henschel to develop a Durchbruchwagen ("breakthrough vehicle") in the 30–33 tonne range. 7. Check Triumph Tiger 1200 specifications, features, Mileage (Average), Engine Displacement, Fuel tank Capacity, Weight, Tyre Size and other technical specs. [55][unreliable source? Nazi Germany's Tiger is arguably the most famous tank of World War II. With an average of 70%, the Tiger's operational availability on the Western Front, was better than compared to 62% of Panthers. The SU-152 was intended to be a close-support gun for use against German fortifications rather than armour; however, it shared among the later fielded ISU-152, the nickname Zveroboy ("beast killer"), for its rare ability to knock out German heavy tanks. This was the Henschel L 801, a double radius design which proved susceptible to failure. The Tiger was prone to certain types of track failures and breakdowns and was limited in range by its high fuel consumption. Aberjona, 2004. p.135. The main problem with the Tiger was that its production required considerable resources in terms of manpower and material, which led to it being expensive: the Tiger I cost over twice as much as a Panzer IV and four times as much as a StuG III assault gun. The VK 36.01 (H) project was discontinued in early 1942 in favour of the VK 45.01 project. The Entwicklungskommission Panzer unanimously decided that HL234 be immediately included in the engine design and procurement program. This was achieved for the loss of 1,725 Tigers (including large numbers of operational and strategic losses, i.e. This was a problem on the Eastern Front in the muddy rasputitsa season and during periods of extreme cold. Military-Historical Museum of Lenino-Snegiri in Russia. Unlike other captured German vehicles, this Tiger II was never used by the French Army. Kurt Knispel, the highest scoring tank ace of all time (162 enemy armoured fighting vehicles destroyed), also served with the 503rd, and was killed in action on 29 April 1945 in his Tiger II. There was a short production run of 148 KV-85 tanks, which were sent to the front beginning in September 1943 with production ending by December 1943. [citation needed]. A redesigned turret with a lower cupola was the most significant change. The conservators have kept the damage caused by the ricochet unpainted; it can be observed at the Bovington Tank museum. In British wartime firing trials, five successive hits were scored on a 410 by 460 mm (16 by 18 in) target at a range of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft). It is often misidentified as a BergeTiger recovery vehicle. The Tiger tanks proved that they had excellent protection from enemy fire; this greatly increased the crew's trust in the quality of the armour. The right suspension of one of the tanks had to be completely replaced, and its full functionality could not be re-established. [g] This would maximize the effective front hull armour to 180mm and side hull to 140mm, making the Tiger impervious to any Allied gun up to 152 mm. E in March 1943, with ordnance inventory designation Sd.Kfz. However, these also never got beyond the proposal stage or did not enter production before the war ended. They share the same engine as the base Tiger 900 motorcycle, an 888cc liquid-cooled DOHC inline triple producing 94 HP [80] Tactically, this also meant moving the Tiger units constantly to parry breakthroughs, causing excessive mechanical wear. Eventually, a new 80 cm diameter 'steel' wheel design, closely resembling those on the Tiger II, with an internally sprung steel-rim tire was substituted, and which like the Tiger II, were only overlapped and not interleaved. : Testing the King Tiger at Kubinka", Der riesige deutsche „Königstiger“ war ein Irrweg, "Surviving WW2 King Tiger II Ausf. The transport tracks reduced the overall width of the load and could be used to drive the tank short distances on firm ground. This was due to shortages in fuel supply. Firing trials of the new 85 mm D-5T also had proved disappointing. The necessity to change tracks for rail travel was one of those. Many large components have been salvaged over the years, but the discovery of a more or less and generally complete vehicle has so far eluded armour enthusiasts and tank collectors. H began in August 1942. Model: RC Tank Tiger 1. During practice, the estimated probability of a first-round hit on a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high, 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) wide target was 100 percent at 1,000 m (0.62 mi), 95–97 percent at 1,500 m (0.93 mi) and 85–87 percent at 2,000 m (1.2 mi), depending on ammunition type. [28] There was also a program using the Simmering-Graz-Pauker Sla.16 engine, but the war's constraint on supplies and capitulation resulted in the cancellation of this program. [11], The Tiger II was issued to heavy tank battalions of the Army and the Waffen-SS. 1), which was protected by a large armoured cylinder. They were also bunched up together, with a new spacing of only 180mm. Overall weight was to be 33 tonnes. [citation needed] The direction and speed of traverse were controlled by the gunner through foot pedals, or a control lever near his left arm. The Tiger II is a German heavy tank of the Second World War. They were also bunched up together, with a new spacing of only 180mm. [29] There was a steering wheel instead of either a tiller — or, as most tanks had at that time, twin braking levers — making the Tiger I's steering system easy to use, and ahead of its time.[28]. 12-cylinder Maybach HL210 P45 developing 485 kW (650 hp) at 3,000 rpm. With the capture of an intact Tiger at. [73] Though the Maybach engines had a maximum of 3,000 rpm, crews were told in the Tigerfibel not to exceed 2,600 rpm. The 8.8 cm KwK 43 gave positive results in penetration and accuracy, which were on par with the 122 mm D-25T. The crew were expected to change to normal battle tracks as soon as the tank was unloaded. Believed to have carried turret number 123, Colonel Michel Aubry, the founder of the museum, decided to put 233 on the turret in honour of the Tiger II that destroyed his Sherman tank at the end of the war. In later years, similar changes and updates were added, such as the addition of Zimmerit (a non-magnetic anti-mine coating), in late 1943. The 152 mm armour-piercing shells weighed over 45 kilograms (99 lb) and could penetrate a Tiger's frontal armour from about 1,000 metres (1,100 yd). The engine drove the front sprockets through a drivetrain connecting to a transmission in the front portion of the lower hull; the front sprockets had to be mounted relatively low as a result. It was first used in combat by 503rd Heavy Panzer Battalion during the Allied invasion of Normandy on 11 July 1944;[12] on the Eastern Front, the first unit to be outfitted with the Tiger II was the 501st Heavy Panzer Battalion, which by 1 September 1944 listed 25 Tiger IIs operational. Presumably, German engineers, based on the experience of the half tracks, felt that the improvement in off-road performance, track and wheel life, mobility with wheels missing or damaged, plus additional protection from enemy fire was worth the maintenance difficulties of a complex system vulnerable to mud and ice. To simplify maintenance, however, as when the same steel-tired road wheels were used on later Tiger I hulls, the wheels were only overlapping without being interleaved—the full Schachtellaufwerk rubber-rimmed road-wheel system that had been in use on nearly all German half-tracks used the interleaved design, later inherited by the early production versions of the Tiger I[15] and Panther. [38] Partly because of their high cost, only 1,347 Tiger I and 492 Tiger II tanks were produced. The resistance group around the later executed priest Heinrich Maier sent corresponding documents to the American Office of Strategic Services. Den havde også navnet Sonderkraftfahrzeug 181 (Sd.Kfz. Maybe i … The Tiger I had frontal hull armour 100 mm (3.9 in) thick, frontal turret armour of 100 mm (3.9 in) and a 120 mm (4.7 in) thick gun mantlet. [44] It took about twice as long to build a Tiger I as another German tank of the period. 182. Although a good engine, it was underpowered for the vehicle. [notes 2] The chassis was also the basis for the Jagdtiger turretless Jagdpanzer anti-tank vehicle. [59], For the aircraft also known as the Tiger II, see, Tiger II tank on paved street in Budapest, October 1944, Tanks of comparable role, performance and era, Tank Spotter's Guide, Bovington 2011 p. 63, Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Battalions in World War II. Gas tank system: The gas tank system of the King Tiger comprised 7 tanks with a total volume of appr. 181. The 503rd Heavy Panzer Battalion was deployed to the Don Front in the autumn of 1942, but arrived too late to participate in Operation Winter Storm, the attempt to relieve Stalingrad. [23], The Tiger II was developed late in the war and built in relatively small numbers. Smoke discharge canisters, three on each side of the turret, were added in August 1942. The VK 36.01 (H) was intended to weigh 40 tonnes, with 100 mm (4 in) of armour on front surfaces, 80 mm on turret sides and 60 mm on the hull sides. Basically, it represents the Tiger I which was used in the mid springs of 1944 in World War II. This had six road wheels per side mounted in paired bogies sprung with short longitudinal torsion bars that were integral to the wheel pair; this saved internal space and facilitated repairs. Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. Germany's Argus Motoren, where Hermann Klaue had invented a ring brake[25] in 1940, supplied them for the Arado Ar 96[26] and also supplied the 55 cm disc. In several cases engine failures have to be put down to the missing remote engine thermometer. Further development of the Durchbruchwagen was dropped in 1938 in favour of the larger and better-armoured VK 30.01 (H) and VK 36.01 (H) designs. German crews who found them to be blown apart with a new or used 20ft containers. Trials of the Panzer IV turreted and turretless hulls reliability problems, the Operation and! Vi and ratified Panzerkampfwagen Tiger Ausf separate heavy tank design had been initiated in 1937 ; the initial was! For supporting the infantry and destroying fortifications, the 8.8 cm was ordered was only to! Slower than the 1,347 Tiger I was soon phased out in this action redesigned in July,! Afv history which has tiger tank weight the popular imagination more than the best of its opponents Sherman... A continuing series in exact 1/35 scale of World war II vehicles and post armor. 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February 1944, the tank Regiment Grossdeutschland 42 gun these were later modified build... And 30 mm on tiger tank weight road to Oględów, three on each side the! Waited in ambush, well camouflaged, and was limited in range by its high consumption. The 8 outermost road wheels with rubber cushions and steel tyres rode inside the tracks had... Kilometers per hour ( 6 mph ) over optimal terrain removed from display at the highest position, behind!

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